Operator-entered events
Manual confirmations are appropriate when human judgement matters or automation is unavailable. Interfaces should reduce repetitive typing and validate identifiers where practical.
Barcode and identification
Scanning material, orders, containers or serials can reduce transcription errors and connect physical movement to digital records.
Machine and control data
Machine states, counters and process values can be collected through approved interfaces. Raw signals should be mapped to meaningful production states before KPI use.
Time synchronization
Event ordering becomes unreliable when systems disagree on time. Consistent time synchronization and timestamp semantics are essential for genealogy and downtime analysis.
Data quality
Every automated event should have rules for duplicates, missing values, resets, communication loss and impossible transitions. Bad automation can create errors faster than manual entry.